Computer

In today's time, Computer has become very important for us because computer is being used very much in every field from school to office. So we all should be familiar about computers. Then we can succeed to use this computer properly.

What is computer ?

Computer is an electronic machine which process the information in the data input by the user and provides the result. The Term Computer has been origin from an English word compute, which means calculate.  It is clear that the computer is directly related to the calculating machine. Currently, Its area has become wide rather than limited to just calculating. 
Nowadays Computer usage is increasing in every area of the world such as film production, railway station, college, airport, space etc.

What is Computer, Computer definition
What is computer ?



Generations of Computers

  • First Generation Computers - The first generation computer is used between 1940 -1956. The computers of the first generation used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They were very large in size and used a lot of power to run them.
  • Second Generation Computers - The Second generation computer is used between 1956 - 1963. In second Generation Computers transistor replaces the vacuum tubes.
  • Third Generation Computers - The Third generation computer is used between 1964 - 1971. Integrated Circuits were used for the first time in third generation computers in which transistors were trivially inserted inside a silicon chip called semiconductor. This has benefited the computer's processing capacity significantly.
  • Fourth Generation Computers - The Fourth generation computer is used between 1971 - 1985. Micro processors were used in fourth generation computers, allowing thousands of integrated circuits to be embedded into a single silicon chip, making it much easier to reduce machine size.
  • Fifth Generation Computers - The Fifth generation computer are being used till 1985. In fifth Generation computer, Artificial intelligence has arrived. Now they have the ability to take the decision themselves. Gradually all their work is becoming automated.

Types of computer

We can categorize computer in two different ways: on the basis of data handling capabilities and size.

On the basis of data handling capabilities, the computer is of three types:

  • Analogue Computer - Analog Computers are those computers which forgive physical quantities such as temperature, length, height etc. and express them in their perimeter points. These Computers do the measurement of an amount based on comparison like thermometer.

  • Digital Computer - Digital computers consist those computer that calculate digits and conduct business. Digital computers represent data in the form of numbers.

  • Hybrid Computer - Hybrid Computer are those type of computers which is capable of performing both analog and digital computers.


On the basis of size, It has five types:

  • Supercomputer - Supercomputer is the fastest computer in the world which can process data very fast.

  • Mainframe computer - Mainframe computers are very large in size as well as have high storage capacity. They have the ability to process large amounts of data quickly. So they are used in big companies, banks, government departments etc.

  • Minicomputer - These computers are small in size and have high storage capacity.

  • Workstation - A workstation is a specialized computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

  • Microcomputer - These computers are very small. They have a microprocessor and this microprocessor is inside the CPU.




Computer Memory

1. Primary Memory - Primary memory is the main memory of a computer which usually has stored that type of data or program that is currently being processed by the CPU.

  • RAM - The Full Form of RAM is Random access memory and This memory is also called temporary memory of the computer. There is no data store in it. It is also called volatile memory. It has three types :- Dynamic, synchronous and static.
  • ROM - The Full Form of ROM is Read only memory and In this, The data stored in the ROM is not destroyed even after the computer is switched off. It is also called non volatile memory. It has three types:- PROM, EPROM, EEPROM.

2. Secondary Memory - It is the place in a computer where a large amount of data and software programs are permanently stored. 

It is mainly classified into four parts :- 
  • Magnetic Tape
  • Magnetic Disk
  • Optical Disk.
  • Flash Memory.

Advantage of computer

The Main advantage of computer are as follows :-
  • Accuracy.
  • High Speed.
  • Storage Capability.
  • Diligence 
  • Automation.
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